5- and 10-year appliance ownership cost calculator

Separate upfront, energy, maintenance and repair costs from residual value at each horizon.

Formula and boundaries

Total cost = upfront cost + years × (annual kWh × rate + annual maintenance) + cumulative repairs − residual value. Avoid counting repairs twice in maintenance. Ten-year cumulative repairs cannot be below five-year repairs.

Assumes the same appliance is retained for the whole period. It does not guarantee ten-year operation or predict repairs or resale prices. Amounts are undiscounted nominal sums.